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Introduction:
Bahawalpur is the 11th-most populous city in Pakistan. Situated is a city in the Punjab province of Pakistan. With a population of over 3.6 million, Bahawalpur is the 11th most populous city in Pakistan. Bahawalpur borders India to its south and southeast, Bahawalnagar to its northeast, Vehari, Lodhran, and Multan to its north, Rahimyar Khan to its west, and Muzaffargarh to its northwest. Approximately two-thirds of the district (16,000 km2) consists of the Cholistan desert, which merges into the Thar Desert of India. In the last few years, Cholistan has been shrinking due to overwhelming residential complexes and farms.
History:
With traces of the Indus Valley Civilization and ancient Buddhist sites, Bahawalpur has a rich culture and traditions. According to British archaeologist Sir Alexander Cunningham, Bahawalpur was part of the Yaudheya kingdoms of the Mahbhrata. The region's major city was Uch Sharif, which is around 80 kilometers from Bahawalpur City. Uch has many world renowned vernacular-style shrines of Muslim mystics from the 12th–15th centuries.
Bahawalpur's old name was Bahamnabad. In 1729, Nawab Amir Sadiq Muhammad Khan Abbasi conquered it. In 1802, Nawab Amir Sadiq Muhammad Khan Abbasi's son, Nawab Mohammad Bahawal Khan II, named it Bahawalpur and converted it into a princely state.
Fearing an attack from Sikhs, Nawab Mohammad Bahawal Khan III made an agreement with the British on February 22, 1833. It was a win-win situation, as the treaty guaranteed the British a friendly southern frontier during their invasion of the Sikh Empire.
Bahawalpur state acceded to Pakistan on October 7, 1947, under Nawab Sadiq Muhammad Khan Abbasi V Bahadur. Following independence, the city's minority Hindu and Sikh communities migrated to India, while the local population opened its doors for the refugees from India.
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